Appendix A: State Report Cards

Alabama, 1976-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1976

First Direct Appeal

1977

First Consensual Execution

NONE

First Non-Consensual Execution

1983

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

7

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

9.44

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

9.33

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

335

Total Number of Executions

12

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

4%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

266

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

143

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

54%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

69

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

21%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

123

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$11

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$9%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$58%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

22

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

10

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

45%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

77% [75%]

Overall Success Rate

23% [25%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Arizona, 1974-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1974

First Direct Appeal

1975

First Consensual Execution

1993

First Non-Consensual Execution

1992

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

18

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

16

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

8.22

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

252

Total Number of Executions

5

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

2%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

198

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

82

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

41%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

54

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

21%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

116

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$13

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$11%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$48%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

15

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

9

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

60%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

79% [77%]

Overall Success Rate

21% [23%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Arkansas, 1973-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1974

First Direct Appeal

1975

First Consensual Execution

1990

First Non-Consensual Execution

1990

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

16

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

10

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

10.33

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

90

Total Number of Executions

11

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

12%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

80

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

32

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

40%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

10

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

11%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

48

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$2

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$4%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$43%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

25

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

12

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

48%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

70% [69%]

Overall Success Rate

30% [31%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

California, 1978-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1978

First Direct Appeal

1979

First Consensual Execution

1993

First Non-Consensual Execution

1992

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

14

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

9

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

9.67

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

533

Total Number of Executions

2

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

0.4%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

271

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

86

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

32%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

262

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

49%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

185

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$7

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$4%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$35%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

5

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

4

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

80%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

87% [86%]

Overall Success Rate

13% [14%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

 

Colorado, 1977-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1981

First Direct Appeal

1984

First Consensual Execution

NONE

First Non-Consensual Execution

NA

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

NA

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

NA

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

NA

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

9

Total Number of Executions

0

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

0

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

4

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

3

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

75%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

5

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

56%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

1

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

NA

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

NA

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

NA

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

NA

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

NA

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

NA

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

NA

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

NA

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

NA

Overall Success Rate

NA

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Connecticut, 1980-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1987

First Direct Appeal

1994

First Consensual Execution

NONE

First Non-Consensual Execution

NA

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

NA

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

NA

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

NA

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

5

Total Number of Executions

0

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

0

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

2

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

2

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

100%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

3

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

60%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

0

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

NA

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

NA

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

NA

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

NA

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

NA

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

NA

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

NA

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

NA

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

NA

Overall Success Rate

NA

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Delaware, 1977-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1978

First Direct Appeal

1981

First Consensual Execution

1992

First Non-Consensual Execution

1993

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

15

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

7

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

NA

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

28

Total Number of Executions

5

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

18%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

23

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

7

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

30%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

5

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

18%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

16

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

Unknown

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

2

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

0

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

0%

Overall Rates [Excluding State Post-Conviction]

Overall Error Rate

30%[30%]

Overall Success Rate

70%[70%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Florida, 1972-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1973

First Direct Appeal

1974

First Consensual Execution

1993

First Non-Consensual Execution

1979

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

6

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

9.39

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

9.47

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

889

Total Number of Executions

36

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

4%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

757

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

376

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

50%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

132

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

15%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

382

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$66

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$17%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$58%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

97

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

38

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

39%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

75% [69%]

Overall Success Rate

25% [31%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Georgia, 1973-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1973

First Direct Appeal

1973

First Consensual Execution

NONE

First Non-Consensual Execution

1983

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

10

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

9.81

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

8.29

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

339

Total Number of Executions

20

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

6%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

309

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

112

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

36%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

30

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

9%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

197

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

  Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$24

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$12%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$44%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

97

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

63

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

65%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

80% [78%]

Overall Success Rate

20% [22%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Idaho, 1976-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1976

First Direct Appeal

1977

First Consensual Execution

1994

First Non-Consensual Execution

NONE

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

N/A

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

NA

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

10

 

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

  42

Total Number of Executions

1

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

2%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

35

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

14

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

40%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

7

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

17%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

21

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$1

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$5%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$43%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

3

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

2

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

67%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

81% [80%]

Overall Success Rate

19% [20%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Illinois, 1977-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1977

First Direct Appeal

1980

First Consensual Execution

1990

First Non-Consensual Execution

1994

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

17

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

13.38

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

8.67

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

  266

Total Number of Executions

7

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

3%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

224

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

88

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

39%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

42

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

16%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

136

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$14

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$10%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$46%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

10

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

3

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

30%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

62% [58%]

Overall Success Rate

38% [43%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Indiana, 1977-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1977

First Direct Appeal

1980

First Consensual Execution

1981

First Non-Consensual Execution

1994

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

17

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

5

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

8

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

  83

Total Number of Executions

3

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

4%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

70

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

18

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

27%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

13

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

16%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

52

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

   Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$14

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$27%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$46%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

4

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

2

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

50%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

73% [63%]

Overall Success Rate

27% [37%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Kentucky, 1976-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1978

First Direct Appeal

1980

First Consensual Execution

NONE

First Non-Consensual Execution

1997

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

19

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

N/A

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

9

 

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

62

Total Number of Executions

0

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

0%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

52

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

27

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

52%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

10

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

16%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

25

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

0

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

0%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

52%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

1

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

1

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

100%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

[100%]

Overall Success Rate

[0%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C

Louisiana, 1976-1995

History

First Death Sentence

1977

First Direct Appeal

1978

First Consensual Execution

NONE

First Non-Consensual Execution

1983

Years From First Death Sentence to First Non-Consensual Execution

6

Average Years From Sentence to Execution

5.60

Average Years From Sentence to Final Federal Relief

5.13

Sentences and Executions

Total Number of Death Sentences

135

Total Number of Executions

21

Percentage of Death Sentences Carried Out

16%

Error Rates

State Direct Appeal

Number Reviewed on Direct Appeal

113

Number Reversed on Direct Appeal

53

Percentage Reversed on Direct Appeal

47%

Number Awaiting Direct Appeal

22

Percentage Awaiting Direct Appeal

16%

Number Forward to State Post-Conviction

60

State Post-Conviction

Number Reviewed on Post-Conviction

Unknown

Number Reversed on Post-Conviction

$3

Percentage Reversed on Post-Conviction

$5%

Number Forward to Federal Habeas Corpus

Unknown

 

State Direct Appeal and State Post-Conviction Combined

Overall Rate of Error Found by State Courts

$50%

Federal Habeas Corpus

Number Reviewed on Habeas Corpus

37

Number Reversed on Habeas Corpus

10

Percentage Reversed on Habeas Corpus

27%

Overall Rates Including [and Excluding] State Post-Conviction

Overall Error Rate

63% [61%]

Overall Error Rate

37% [39%]

Sources: DRCen; Death Row U.S.A., Winter 2000; DADB; HCDB; Appendix C